Communication
and
the Natural World
Judith Hendry
University of New Mexico
CONTENTS
For a detailed table of contents, please click on this text line.
PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION IN A CHANGING WORLD
Chapter 1: Communication and the Environment
Chapter 2: Our Changing Environment
PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
Chapter 3: Mainstream Environmental Perspectives
Chapter 4: Radical Environmental Perspectives
PART III: RHETORIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 5: An Introduction to Environmental Rhetoric
Chapter 6: The Rhetoric of Polarization
Chapter 7: Prophetic Rhetoric: Apocalyptic, Irreparable, Utopian, and Jeremiadic
Chapter 8: Technical Rationality and the Rhetoric of Risk, Science, and Technology
PART IV: MEDIA, POPULAR CULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 9: Environmental News Reporting
Chapter 10: Green Advertising and the Green Consumer
Chapter 11: Popular Culture and the Environment
PART V: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY
Chapter 12: Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making
Chapter 13: From the Ground Up: The Environmental Justice Movement
APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL READINGS
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
TIMELINE: ENVIRONMENTAL MILESTONES
Index
About the Author
DETAILED CONTENTS
Preface
PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION IN A CHANGING WORLD
Chapter 1: Communication and the Environment
Assumptions Grounding the Study of Environmental Communication
Defining the Study of Environmental Communication
Humans’ Relationship to the Natural World
Symbols: Forms and Characteristics
Symbolic Representation, Influence, and Construction
Symbols Represent Reality
Symbols Influence Reality
Symbols Construct Reality
Symbols and the Maintenance of Reality
Ideologies and the Maintenance of Reality
Competing Discourses in an Ideological Struggle
Chapter 2: Our Changing Environment
Global Climate Change
Human Population Growth
Species Extinction and Loss of Biodiversity
Fishing
Hunting
Nonnative Species Introduction
Destruction and Alteration of Natural Habitats
Forests
Coral Reefs
Wetlands
Waste Disposal
Solid Wastes
Hazardous Wastes
Radioactive Wastes
PART II: ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS
Chapter 3: Mainstream Environmental Perspectives
Influences on the Western View of Nature
The Enlightenment
Judeo-Christian Beliefs
The Industrial Revolution
Consumerism and Capitalism
Anthropocentric Reformism
Stewardship
Conservation
Preservation
Sustainable Development
Chapter 4: Radical Environmental Perspectives
Deep Ecology
Social Ecology
Ecofeminism
The Messy Domain of Environmental Perspectives
PART III: RHETORIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 5: An Introduction to Environmental Rhetoric
Defining Rhetoric
Instrumental and Constitutive Functions of Rhetoric
Rhetorical Forms
Reasoned Argumentation
Narrative
Myth
Image Events
Aesthetic Rhetoric
The Romantic Era
Contemporary Nature Writers
Chapter 6: Rhetoric of Polarization
Earth First! and the Rhetoric of Polarization
The Non-Discursive Rhetoric of Earth First!
Discursive Rhetorical Themes of Earth First!
The Legacy of Earth First!
Wise Use and the Rhetoric of Polarization
Key Political Issues of Wise Use
Wise Use and Polar Dichotomies
Home Folks vs. the Institutionalized Elite
Radical Alarmists vs. Reasonable Realists
True Believers vs. Pagan Tree Worshippers
The Wise Use Legacy
Some Implications of Polarizing Rhetoric
Another View of Polarizing Rhetoric
Chapter 7: Prophetic Rhetoric: Apocalyptic, Irreparable, Utopian, and Jeremiadic
Apocalyptic Rhetoric
The Apocalyptic Rhetoric of Silent Spring
Implications of Apocalyptic Rhetoric
Potential Backlash Responses to Apocalyptic Rhetoric
A Locus of the Irreparable
Appeals to Uniqueness
Appeals to Precariousness
Appeals to Timeliness
Potential Backlash Responses to Rhetoric of the Irreparable
Utopian Rhetoric
Ecological Utopian Visions
“History of the Future”—An Ecological Utopian Narrative
Utopia as Dialogue
The Jeremiad
Rhetorical Goals of the Jeremiad
Rhetorical Strategies of the Jeremiad
Chapter 8: Technical Rationality and the Rhetoric of Risk, Science, and Technology
Technical Rationality vs. Cultural Rationality
Risk Communication
Epidemiology
Technical Rationality and Constraints to Alternative Ways of Knowing
Language
Control
The Assumption of an Incompetent Lay Public
A Colossal Case of a Failed Rhetoric of Risk: Three Mile Island
The Three Mile Island Accident
Prevailing Conceptions of the Public
Cultural Rationality and Responses to Environmental Risk
NIMBY
NIMBY and Implications for Environmental Action
Inverted Quarantine
Inverted Quarantine and Implications for Environmental Action
GHOST and the Global Warming Specter
Rhetorical Dimensions of the Global Warming Specter
GHOST and Implications for Environmental Action
PART IV: MEDIA, POPULAR CULTURE, AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Chapter 9: Environmental News Reporting
Framing the Story
Event-Oriented Reporting
Focus on Drama
Selection of Sources
The Practice of “Balance”
Chapter 10: Green Advertising and the Green Consumer
Identifying and Targeting the Green Consumer
Types of Green Advertising
Ads That Promote a Green Lifestyle
Ads That Address the Relationship between a Product and Nature
Ads That Present a Corporate Image of Environmental Responsibility
The Fantasy World of Nature According to Green Ads
Nature Is Sublime
Nature Is “Out There”
Nature Is for Personal Consumption
Nature Is Indestructible
The Green Consumer
The Consumer “Goat”
The Paradox of Green Consumerism
Chapter 11: Popular Culture and the Environment
Nature According to The Weather Channel (TWC)
Nature According to Greeting Cards
Nature According to SeaWorld
Nature According to Grizzly Man
Nature According to Dr. Seuss
PART V: PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY
Chapter 12: Public Participation in Environmental Decision-Making
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and Public Participation
Steps to the NEPA Process
Problems with the Implementation of NEPA
Building Trust through the Trinity of Voice: Access, Standing, and Influence
Access
Standing
Influence
A Case of the Compliance-Hoop Public Participation Model
Traditional versus Innovative Public Participation Processes
The Yin and Yang of Participation Processes
Freedom of Information, Sunshine, and the Right to Know
The Citizen Activist in a Changing Political Landscape
The “New” Green Movement: Environmental Activism in the New Millennium
Chapter 13: From the Ground Up: The Environmental Justice Movement
Environmental Justice
Environmental Racism
Cancer Alley: A Case Study of Environmental Injustice
Environmental Justice and Farm Workers
Environmental Justice and Indigenous Peoples
Environmental Justice Abroad
The Injustice of Global Warming
Concluding: The Global Commons
APPENDIX: ADDITIONAL READINGS
Henry David Thoreau, “A Winter Walk ” (1843)
John Muir, excerpts from “The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West ” (1901)
Aldo Leopold, “Thinking Like a Mountain” (1949)
Rachel Carson, “A Fable for Tomorrow” (1962)
Garrett Hardin, “The Tragedy of the Commons” (1968)
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
TIMELINE: ENVIRONMENTAL MILESTONES
Index
About the Author
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